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1
工资单术语对照表Pay Stub Glossary
What every word on your stub means工资单上每个英文术语的意思
| 英文 (在工资单上)English (on stub) | 中文 / 解释Chinese / Meaning | 范例Example |
|---|---|---|
| Gross Pay / Earnings | 税前总工资 — 还没扣任何东西Pre-tax total — before any deductions | $20 × 80 小时 = $1,600$20 × 80 hrs = $1,600 |
| Net Pay / Take-Home | 实际拿到的钱 — 银行入账Actual amount deposited | $1,600 − 扣款 = $1,252$1,600 − deductions = $1,252 |
| Fed Tax / FIT / FWT | 联邦所得税 — 按 W-4 计算Federal Income Tax — set by W-4 | 约 10–22%~10–22% |
| CA Tax / SIT / SWT | 加州所得税 — 按 DE-4 计算CA State Tax — set by DE-4 | 约 1–9%~1–9% |
| OASDI / SS | 社安税 — 退休时您领回Social Security — funds your retirement | 6.2% |
| Medicare / FICA-MED | 联邦医保 — 65 岁后您用得到Medicare — your health care at 65+ | 1.45% |
| CA SDI / VPDI | 州残障保险 — 病假和产假可领CA State Disability — covers sick/parental leave | 1.1% |
| YTD | 今年累计 (Year-to-Date)Year-to-Date totals | 从 1 月 1 日加起来Adds up from Jan 1 |
| Reg Hrs / OT Hrs | 正常工时 / 加班工时Regular Hours / Overtime Hours | 加班 = 时薪 × 1.5OT = rate × 1.5 |
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加州扣款详细表 (2024)All CA Paycheck Deductions (2024)
Federal + state withholdings on every paycheck每张工资单的联邦+州扣款
| 扣款Deduction | 扣率Rate | 用途What it pays for | 控制方式How to adjust |
|---|---|---|---|
| 联邦所得税Federal Income Tax | 10–22% | 联邦政府支出Federal services, military, etc. | 改 W-4（多写子女 = 少扣）Update W-4 (more dependents = less withheld) |
| 加州所得税CA State Tax | 1–9% | 加州政府支出CA schools, roads, etc. | 改 DE-4Update DE-4 form |
| 社安税Social Security (OASDI) | 6.2% | 您 62 岁后领退休金Your retirement at 62+ | 不能调整 · 全员强制Cannot adjust · Mandatory |
| 联邦医保Medicare | 1.45% | 65 岁后的医疗保险Your healthcare at 65+ | 不能调整 · 全员强制Cannot adjust · Mandatory |
| 州残障保险CA SDI / PFL | 1.1% | 病假/产假/家庭照顾Sick / parental / family-care leave | 不能调整 · 加州强制Cannot adjust · CA-mandated |
| 医保 (可选)Health Insurance (optional) | 视计划varies | 您和老板共担医疗保险Employer-sponsored health plan | 入职时选 / 退出Enroll / waive at onboarding |
| 401(k) 退休金 (可选)401(k) (optional) | 您自选your choice | 退休投资 · 老板可能匹配Retirement investing · employer may match | HR 表格调整Adjust through HR |
💡 自雇 / 1099 工人 ≠ 同样扣款。您要自己交「自雇税」(15.3% = SS + Medicare 两份)。
💡 Self-employed / 1099 ≠ same deductions. You pay self-employment tax (15.3% = double SS + Medicare).
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W-4 表填写步骤W-4 Form: Step-by-Step
Use this when starting any new job每份新工作入职时使用
| 步骤Step | 填什么What to fill | 小提示Tip |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 个人资料1. Personal Info | 姓名 · 地址 · SSN/ITIN · 报税身份（单身/已婚/户主）Name · Address · SSN/ITIN · Filing Status (Single/Married/HOH) | 已婚联合报税 = 通常少扣"Married filing jointly" = usually less withheld |
| 2. 多份工作2. Multiple Jobs | 如果第二份工或配偶也工作 → 打勾Check the box if you have a 2nd job or spouse works | 不打勾会少扣 · 4 月可能欠税If unchecked, you may owe at tax time |
| 3. 子女抵免3. Dependents Credit | 17 岁以下小孩 × $2,000 其他亲属 × $500Under-17 child × $2,000 Other dependent × $500 |
必须是您养的亲属 · 在美国住过半年Must support & share home 6+ months |
| 4. 其他调整4. Other Adjustments | 额外要扣多少（一般空白）Extra withholding (usually blank) | 想多退税 → 写 $25/月Want a bigger refund? → write $25/check |
| 5. 签名 · 日期5. Sign & Date | 没签等于无效Unsigned = invalid | 每年都可以更新Update anytime — turn in to HR |
📋 加州还要填 DE-4：📋 CA also requires DE-4:
州税版本的 W-4 — 在 edd.ca.gov/pdf_pub_ctr/de4.pdf 下载
CA state version — download at edd.ca.gov/pdf_pub_ctr/de4.pdf
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ITIN 申请步骤How to Get an ITIN
For anyone without a Social Security Number没有 SSN 的人都可以申请
| 步骤Step | 怎么做What to do | 时间 / 费用Time / Cost |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 准备文件1. Gather Docs | 护照（原件或公证副本）+ 报税表 1040Passport (original or certified copy) + Form 1040 | 免费Free |
| 2. 填表 W-72. Fill Form W-7 | 从 irs.gov 下载 · 中文有指引Download from irs.gov · Chinese instructions available | 15 分钟~15 minutes |
| 3. 找认证代办员3. Find a CAA | CSC 是认证代办员（Certifying Acceptance Agent）— 可代办CSC is a Certifying Acceptance Agent — we can process for you | 免费 · 213-808-1700Free · 213-808-1700 |
| 4. 寄给国税局4. Mail to IRS | CAA 帮您寄 — 不用寄原件护照CAA mails for you — no need to mail original passport | 寄费免费Mailing free |
| 5. 等待 ITIN5. Wait for ITIN | 国税局寄信通知您的 ITIN 号IRS mails you the assigned ITIN number | 7–11 周7–11 weeks |
5
洛杉矶免费报税 VITA 网点Free VITA Tax Sites in LA
Open Jan–Apr · Walk-in or appointment1–4 月开放 · 预约或自来
华埠服务中心 (CSC)Chinatown Service Center
CSC VITA — 中文/英文/越南语CSC VITA — Chinese/English/Vietnamese
213-808-1700
767 N Hill St, Los Angeles · cscla.org
开放 1 月底–4 月中 · 现场或预约
处理 W-2 · 1099 · ITIN · CalEITC 767 N Hill St, Los Angeles · cscla.org
Open late Jan–mid Apr · Walk-in or appointment
Handles W-2, 1099, ITIN, CalEITC
开放 1 月底–4 月中 · 现场或预约
处理 W-2 · 1099 · ITIN · CalEITC 767 N Hill St, Los Angeles · cscla.org
Open late Jan–mid Apr · Walk-in or appointment
Handles W-2, 1099, ITIN, CalEITC
免费 · 中文Free · Chinese available
United Way 联合之路United Way of Greater LA
FreeTaxPrepLA — 多个地点FreeTaxPrepLA — Multiple sites
211
freetaxprepla.org
50+ 网点遍布洛杉矶
拨 211 找最近 · 多语 freetaxprepla.org
50+ sites across LA
Call 211 for nearest · Multilingual
50+ 网点遍布洛杉矶
拨 211 找最近 · 多语 freetaxprepla.org
50+ sites across LA
Call 211 for nearest · Multilingual
免费 · 拨 211Free · Dial 211
CARES of LACenter for Asians United
CARES VITA — 亚裔社区CARES VITA — Asian community
(213) 380-8336
广东话 · 普通话 · 韩语 · 越南语
位于韩国城 + 蒙特利公园市
caaa-la.org Cantonese · Mandarin · Korean · Vietnamese
Sites in Koreatown + Monterey Park
caaa-la.org
位于韩国城 + 蒙特利公园市
caaa-la.org Cantonese · Mandarin · Korean · Vietnamese
Sites in Koreatown + Monterey Park
caaa-la.org
亚裔语言齐全Asian languages
IRS 免费报税软件IRS Free File
IRS Free File — 网上自己报IRS Free File — DIY online
网上Online
irs.gov/freefile
年收入 ≤ $79K 免费用
多家伙伴公司（TurboTax Free 等） irs.gov/freefile
Income ≤ $79K — free use
Partner software (TurboTax Free, etc.)
年收入 ≤ $79K 免费用
多家伙伴公司（TurboTax Free 等） irs.gov/freefile
Income ≤ $79K — free use
Partner software (TurboTax Free, etc.)
DIY · 英文DIY · English
CalFile 加州州税CalFile (CA State)
加州税务局 FTB — 免费CA Franchise Tax Board — Free
1-800-852-5711
ftb.ca.gov · 仅加州州税
中文按 9
合并联邦+州税要用 VITA ftb.ca.gov · CA state return only
Press 9 for Chinese
For federal+state combined, use VITA
中文按 9
合并联邦+州税要用 VITA ftb.ca.gov · CA state return only
Press 9 for Chinese
For federal+state combined, use VITA
加州官方Official CA
AARP 报税 (60+)AARP Tax-Aide (60+)
AARP Tax-Aide — 老年人专用AARP Tax-Aide — Seniors
1-888-227-7669
aarpfoundation.org/taxaide
不需要是 AARP 会员
简单退休收入退休金可办 aarpfoundation.org/taxaide
No AARP membership required
Best for simple senior returns
不需要是 AARP 会员
简单退休收入退休金可办 aarpfoundation.org/taxaide
No AARP membership required
Best for simple senior returns
老年人 · 免费60+ · Free
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工资盗窃 · 投诉电话Wage Theft Help
If your employer steals wages — file a complaint如果老板偷工资 — 这些机构可以帮您
加州劳工局 (DLSE)CA Labor Commissioner (DLSE)
Division of Labor Standards EnforcementDLSE — 加州劳工标准执行
1-833-526-4636
dir.ca.gov · 中文翻译免费
填表 Wage Claim · 网上递交
追讨欠工资 · 加班费 · 小费 dir.ca.gov · Free Chinese interpretation
File a Wage Claim online
Recover unpaid wages, OT, tips
填表 Wage Claim · 网上递交
追讨欠工资 · 加班费 · 小费 dir.ca.gov · Free Chinese interpretation
File a Wage Claim online
Recover unpaid wages, OT, tips
官方 · 不会通报移民局Official · No immigration check
华埠服务中心Chinatown Service Center
CSC 工资盗窃辅导CSC Wage Theft Counseling
213-808-1700
767 N Hill St, Los Angeles · cscla.org
双语辅导 · 帮您填投诉表
免费 · 不需要任何身份 767 N Hill St, Los Angeles · cscla.org
Bilingual support filing complaints
Free · No status required
双语辅导 · 帮您填投诉表
免费 · 不需要任何身份 767 N Hill St, Los Angeles · cscla.org
Bilingual support filing complaints
Free · No status required
免费 · 中文Free · Chinese
LA 工人权利法律中心LA Wage Justice Coalition
Wage Justice Center工资正义中心
(213) 891-2900
wagejusticecenter.org
免费律师 · 集体诉讼
追讨大额欠薪和惩罚性赔偿 wagejusticecenter.org
Free attorneys · Class actions
Large wage theft + penalties
免费律师 · 集体诉讼
追讨大额欠薪和惩罚性赔偿 wagejusticecenter.org
Free attorneys · Class actions
Large wage theft + penalties
律师 · 免费Free attorneys
联邦劳工部 (US DOL)US Dept of Labor
US DOL Wage & Hour Division联邦劳工部 — 工资工时部
1-866-487-9243
dol.gov/agencies/whd
处理联邦标准 (FLSA) 投诉
跨州雇主或大公司 dol.gov/agencies/whd
Handles federal (FLSA) violations
Multi-state employers / large companies
处理联邦标准 (FLSA) 投诉
跨州雇主或大公司 dol.gov/agencies/whd
Handles federal (FLSA) violations
Multi-state employers / large companies
联邦机构Federal agency
7
兼职/自雇报税清单Gig & Self-Employed Tax Checklist
For DoorDash, Uber, handyman, cleaning, etc.DoorDash · Uber · 装修 · 清洁等通用
| 项目Item | 说明What it is | 如何记录How to track |
|---|---|---|
| 行驶里程Business Mileage | 每英里抵扣 67¢ (2024)67¢ per mile deduction (2024) | Stride / Everlance App 自动追踪Stride / Everlance app auto-tracks |
| 手机费Phone Bill | 工作使用部分可抵扣 (约 50%)Work-use portion deductible (~50%) | 保留账单Keep monthly bills |
| 工具 · 材料Tools / Supplies | 直接给工作买的 100% 可抵Bought for work — 100% deductible | 保留所有收据Save all receipts |
| 停车 · 过路费Parking · Tolls | 工作时 100% 可抵100% deductible during work | FasTrak 月度账单FasTrak monthly statements |
| 家庭办公室Home Office | 专用工作间面积 ÷ 总面积 × 房租Dedicated work area ÷ total ÷ rent | 必须是「专用」工作空间Must be exclusive work space |
| 保险 (商业附加)Insurance (rideshare endorsement) | 附加险全额可抵Endorsement 100% deductible | 保险公司年度结单Insurer annual statement |
季度预交税截止：Quarterly Tax Due:
4/15 · 6/15 · 9/15 · 1/15
Apr 15 · Jun 15 · Sep 15 · Jan 15
— 每季存收入 25% 用于交税
— Save 25% of earnings each quarter
8
实用英语短语Useful English Phrases
For HR, tax preparer, and the IRS与 HR、报税员、国税局沟通时常用
| 中文Chinese | 英语（说出来）English (say this) | 使用场景When to use |
|---|---|---|
| 我需要一份工资单。I need a copy of my pay stub. | "I need a copy of my pay stub." | 向老板/HR 要Asking HR |
| 我能更新 W-4 表吗？Can I update my W-4? | "Can I update my W-4 form?" | 新生小孩、结婚后After baby, marriage |
| 我有 ITIN，没有 SSN。I have an ITIN, not an SSN. | "I have an ITIN, not an SSN." | 报税或入职Tax prep or onboarding |
| 这个扣款是什么？What is this deduction for? | "What is this deduction for?" | 看到陌生扣款Unfamiliar item on stub |
| 我需要中文翻译。I need a Chinese interpreter. | "I need a Chinese interpreter." | DLSE/IRS 免费提供Free at DLSE/IRS |
| 我的加班费在哪？Where's my overtime pay? | "Where is my overtime pay?" | 每天超 8 小时应付加班Over 8 hrs/day = OT due |